![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Percentages of macronutrients in the meal plan should be based on metabolic goals and the ability, need, and willingness of clients to make lifestyle changes. 9Ī wide variety of foods, including carbohydrate from fruits, vegetables,whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy products, should be encouraged for good health.īecause each food list is based on a range of individual food values,estimates of energy in calculated meal plans should be rounded off, for example, to the nearest 50–100 calories. Additional MNT goals for diabetes treatment are to prevent,or at least slow, the rate of development of the chronic complications of diabetes by modifying nutrient intake and lifestyle to address individual nutrition needs, taking into account personal and cultural preferences and willingness to change and to maintain the pleasure of eating by only limiting food choices when indicated by scientific evidence. The goals of MNT for the treatment of individuals with diabetes are to achieve and maintain blood glucose levels in the normal range or as close to normal as is safely possible achieve a lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk for vascular disease and maintain blood pressure levels in the normal range or as close to normal as is safely possible. The goals of MNT for individuals at risk for diabetes or who have pre-diabetes are to decrease the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease(CVD) by promoting healthy food choices and physical activity leading to moderate weight loss that is maintained. 3– 5In its most recent version, the 2008 Exchange Lists for Meal Planninghas been given a new title, Choose Your Foods: Exchange Lists for Diabetes, 6 and an updated look grounded in evidence-based nutrition recommendations for individuals with diabetes, as well as changes in the food marketplace and the eating patterns of Americans ( Figure 1). Exchange Lists for Meal Planning has undergone revisions as advances in nutrition recommendations have occurred through the years. 1 Exchange Lists for Meal Planning, a well-known nutrition resource for individuals with diabetes since 1950, 2 has been designed as a diabetes nutrition education tool that places foods into groups that can be “exchanged” or traded within a group because of their similar nutrient content. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for diabetes has undergone many changes since 1550 BC when the Papyrus Ebers noted that “wheat grains, grits,grapes, and sweet beer” were the foods of choice for those who needed to“eliminate urine which is too plentiful,” the earliest known reference to diabetes mellitus. ![]()
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